1. To form the plural in Spanish, add “-s” to most of the nouns ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u):
| El libro (the book) | Los libros (the books) |
El hombre (the man) | Los hombres (the men) |
La botella (the bottle) | Las botellas (the bottles) |
Although there are some nouns ending in an accented vowel that add “-es” (but not all of them el café= los cafés):
| El jabalí (the boar) | Los jabalíes (the boars) |
El hindú (Hindu) | Los hindúes (Hindus) |
2. Add “-es” to singular nouns ending in a consonant (any letter other than a vowel):
| El árbol (the tree) | Los árboles (the trees) |
La mujer (the woman) | Las mujeres (the women) |
La ciudad (the city) | Las ciudades (the cities) |
3. Some foreign words (that is, words which have come from another language, such as English) ending in a consonant just add “-s”:
| El jersey (the jersey) | Los jerseys (the jerseys) |
4. Words ending in “-s” which have an unstressed final vowel do not change in the plural.
| El paraguas (the umbrella) | Los paraguas (the umbrellas) |
El lunes (on Monday) | Los lunes (on Mondays) |
5. Singular nouns ending in “-z” change to “–ces” in the plural
| La luz (the light) | Las luces (the lights) |
El pez (the fish) | Los peces (the fishes) |
6. Singular nouns which end in an accented vowel and either “-n” or “-s” drop the accent in the plural:
| La canción (the song) | Las canciones (the songs) |
El autobús (The bus) | Los autobuses (the buses). |
Gracias por este material, es muy importante y esta muy bien explicado.